NEPAL LEGAL GUIDE

According to the Civil Code 2074, the general limitation period is 3 years from the date the cause of action arose. For property disputes, it's 35 years. For contract disputes, it's 3 years. For tort claims, it's 1 year from knowing about the damage.

Under the Civil Code 2074, inheritance follows this order: spouse and children equally, then parents, then siblings. Sons and daughters have equal inheritance rights. Unmarried daughters get additional maintenance rights until marriage.

Grounds include: mutual consent, cruelty, adultery, desertion for 3+ years, conversion to different religion against spouse's will, mental illness, and irreconcilable differences. Divorce requires court approval in all cases.

Yes, the Constitution 2072 and Civil Code 2074 guarantee women's equal property rights. Women can own, buy, sell, and inherit property independently without requiring male guardian's consent.

The legal marriage age is 20 years for both men and women. Marriage below this age is prohibited and punishable. Court can allow marriage at 18-20 years in special circumstances with guardian consent.

Rights include: being informed of arrest reason, remaining silent, legal representation, being presented to court within 24 hours, not being tortured, having family informed, and protection from self-incrimination.

Domestic violence includes physical, mental, sexual, or economic abuse within family relationships. It covers beating, threatening, sexual assault, preventing education/employment, and controlling finances.

Corruption punishment ranges from 1-10 years imprisonment plus fine equal to bribe amount. In severe cases, life imprisonment is possible. Property acquired through corruption is confiscated.

Police need search warrant except in urgent cases where evidence might be destroyed. They can search with reasonable suspicion in cognizable offenses but must inform reasons and conduct search with witnesses.

For murder: no limitation. For other crimes: generally 20 years from offense date. For cyber crimes: 5 years. For defamation: 6 months. Some crimes like genocide have no limitation period.

Types include Private Limited Company, Public Limited Company, and Non-Profit Company. Minimum capital for private company is Rs. 1 lakh, public company Rs. 5 lakhs. Minimum 2 directors required.

Steps: Name reservation at OCR, prepare memorandum and articles, submit application with required documents, pay registration fees, obtain certificate of incorporation. Process takes 15-35 days.

Directors must act in good faith, exercise due diligence, avoid conflicts of interest, and comply with laws. They're personally liable for company debts in case of fraudulent or wrongful trading.

Yes, foreign investors can establish companies with 100% ownership in most sectors. Minimum investment of USD 50,000 required. Some sectors require joint ventures with Nepali partners.

Companies must file annual returns, conduct annual general meetings, maintain statutory registers, file audited financial statements, and pay annual fees. Non-compliance results in penalties.

Rights include: right to life, liberty, equality, freedom of expression, assembly, privacy, due process, education, health, employment, food sovereignty, and constitutional remedy. These are enforceable in courts.

Nepal follows federal republican system with three levels: federal, provincial, and local. Executive power vests in Council of Ministers led by Prime Minister. Legislature is bicameral (House of Representatives and National Assembly).

Amendment requires 2/3rd majority of both houses of Parliament. For certain provisions affecting federal structure, 2/3rd majority of provincial assemblies is also required. President must authenticate amendments.

Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority, guardian of Constitution, and court of record. It has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdictions. It can issue writs and interpret constitutional provisions.

These are non-justiciable guidelines for state policy including: socialism-oriented economy, social justice, good governance, sustainable development, and public welfare. Courts cannot enforce them directly.

Workers have rights to: fair wages, 8-hour work day, weekly rest, annual leave, safe working conditions, social security, form unions, collective bargaining, and protection from discrimination and exploitation.

Minimum wage is set by government periodically considering living costs and economic conditions. Currently varies by categories of work and regions. Employers must pay at least minimum wage plus allowances.

Employment can be terminated for: serious misconduct, repeated violations, extended absence, incapacity, redundancy, or mutual agreement. Termination requires notice period or payment in lieu thereof.

Female workers get 98 days paid maternity leave (14 days before delivery, 84 days after). They cannot be terminated during pregnancy or maternity leave. Nursing breaks and medical facilities are provided.

Disputes are first resolved through workplace consultation, then labor officer mediation, then Labor Court. Appeals go to High Court and Supreme Court. Alternative dispute resolution is encouraged.

Types include: private ownership (Birta), government land (Sarkar), trust land (Guthi), community land, and kipat land. Private ownership provides full rights to use, sell, and transfer property.

Process: verify ownership documents, obtain tax clearance, prepare sale deed, pay stamp duty and registration fee, submit to Land Revenue Office with required documents, complete registration with both parties present.

Foreign individuals cannot directly own land. However, they can own property through company incorporation with foreign investment approval or through inheritance. Certain restrictions apply on transfer.

Stamp duty is generally 5% of property value or government assessed value, whichever is higher. Registration fee is 0.25%. Additional local taxes may apply. Rates vary for different types of properties.

Property partition can be done through mutual agreement (partition deed) or court order. Each heir gets equal share unless there's valid will. Women have equal inheritance rights as men under current law.